Threat and social-choice: when eye size matters

The Environmental Security Hypothesis (T. F. Pettijohn II & A. Tesser, 1999) indicates that as environmental threat increases, the desirability of persons with neotenous features should decrease. In 2 experiments (Ns = 96, 80), the authors tested this hypothesis and a mediation account that was based on the attributions made about neotenous and mature-featured others. In each experiment, the authors manipulated threat and gave participants the choice of a neotenous (increased eye-size) or mature (decreased eye-size) female partner. The authors tested mediation in Study 1 by experimentally uncoupling attributions from facial features and in Study 2 by manipulating the participant's dependence on his or her partner. Both studies provided evidence for the Environmental Security Hypothesis: Preference for partners with neotenous facial features decreased under high threat. Support for the role of attributions as mediators was mixed. An alternative interpretation of the results indicates the possibility that responses to facial features may depend on nonconscious processing.