When is couples therapy necessary and sufficient?

Couples therapy is not a unified form of treatment but draws on a heterogeneous range of influencing processes. When distressed couples are relatively stable and interested in effecting a harmonious modus vivendi, didactic training will usually achieve salubrious outcomes. When individual agendas, hidden or otherwise, undermine the relationship, individual therapy is often essential before the couple can benefit from conjoint therapy. Those who insist on working only within dyadic, triadic, or family contexts may fail to achieve desirable goals.