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Subthalamic nucleus influences spatial orientation in extra-personal space.

Karsten Witt1, Florian Kopper, Günther Deuschl

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society
|October 8, 2005
PubMed
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The subthalamic nucleus (STN) influences spatial orientation, particularly when left-sided deep brain stimulation (DBS) is active in Parkinson's disease patients. This suggests the STN plays a role in the brain's attentional network.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neurology
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • The role of the basal ganglia, specifically the subthalamic nucleus (STN), in spatial orientation is not well understood.
  • Frontal and parietal cortex contributions to spatial orientation are extensively studied, but the STN's influence remains less clear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) on extra-personal space orientation.
  • To utilize subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients as a reversible model for studying STN function in spatial orientation.

Main Methods:

  • 12 Parkinson's disease patients with STN DBS implants were tested after L-dopa withdrawal.
  • Patients underwent line bisection and reaction time tasks under conditions of bilateral STN DBS, unilateral left STN DBS, unilateral right STN DBS, and no stimulation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Tasks assessed responses to stimuli in different spatial locations and hand responses to distinguish hemi-spatial from hemi-motor deficits.

    • Main Results:

    • No spatial orientation asymmetries were observed when both stimulators were off, both were on, or only the right stimulator was on.
    • Significant increases in reaction times to left-sided stimuli and a rightward shift in line bisection were found exclusively during left STN stimulation.
    • These findings indicate hemi-spatial neglect symptoms during left STN DBS.

    Conclusions:

    • The subthalamic nucleus (STN) and its cortical connections significantly impact visuospatial orientation networks.
    • Left STN stimulation induces neglect-like symptoms, highlighting the STN's role in the attentional system of the non-dominant hemisphere.