Molecular basis of programmed cell death involved in neurodegeneration

Slavica Krantic1, Naguib Mechawar, Stéphanie Reix

  • 1Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Parc Scientifique Luminy, BP13, 13 273 Marseille, France. krantic@inmed.univ.mrs.fr

Trends in Neurosciences
|October 12, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Recent discoveries in programmed cell death (PCD) advance neurodegeneration research. Understanding cell cycle re-initiation and oxidative stress in neuronal demise may lead to new therapeutic strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neurodegeneration research is advancing rapidly.
  • Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a critical role in neuronal demise.
  • Key phenomena like cell cycle re-initiation and oxidative stress are linked to neurodegeneration but their causal relationships are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review programmed cell death (PCD) in the context of acute and chronic neurodegenerative processes.
  • To discuss the role of cell cycle re-initiation and oxidative stress in neurodegeneration.
  • To explore emerging concepts in cell-cycle re-initiation for potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing research on programmed cell death (PCD) and neurodegeneration.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal demise.
  • Discussion of emerging concepts and their implications.

Main Results:

  • Progress in understanding neurodegeneration is linked to discoveries in programmed cell death (PCD).
  • Cell cycle re-initiation and oxidative stress are identified as associated phenomena in neuronal death.
  • The causal links between these phenomena and neurodegeneration require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for neurodegeneration research.
  • Cell cycle re-initiation and oxidative stress are important factors in neurodegenerative processes.
  • Emerging concepts in cell-cycle re-initiation offer potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...