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[Low-carbohydrate diets for obesity].

U Keller1, N Rastalsky

  • 1Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, Universitätsspital Basel. ukeller@uhbs.ch

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|October 13, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Low-carbohydrate diets show initial weight loss benefits for obesity but are not sustainable long-term. These popular diets may pose health risks and are not generally recommended for sustained obesity treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Metabolic Health
  • Obesity Research

Context:

  • Low-carbohydrate diets are increasingly popular for obesity treatment, particularly in Anglo-Saxon countries.
  • Controlled trials indicate greater short-term weight loss compared to low-fat diets.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets for obesity treatment.
  • To analyze the impact of low-carbohydrate diets on weight, lipid profiles, and long-term health outcomes.

Summary:

  • Low-carbohydrate diets demonstrate statistically significant weight loss at 6 months, but this difference diminishes by 12 months.
  • Potential mechanisms include initial water loss, reduced food choices, satiety from protein, and ketosis.
  • While not increasing LDL-cholesterol, these diets favorably impact HDL-C and triglycerides.
  • Concerns exist regarding increased saturated fat, low intake of fiber and micronutrients, and potential negative effects on major diseases.

Impact:

  • Low-carbohydrate diets may be effective for specific individuals but are generally not recommended due to long-term sustainability issues and potential health risks.
  • Long-term nutritional strategies for obesity should be lifelong, combined with physical activity and behavioral changes.
  • The protective effects on major diseases like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cancer remain questionable.

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