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Ionic versus nonionic MR imaging contrast media: operational definitions.

C A Chang1, P F Sieving, A D Watson

  • 1Salutar Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
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Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast media can be accurately classified as ionic or nonionic. Experiments show gadodiamide and iohexol are nonionic, while gadopentetate salts are ionic, clarifying terminology for MR contrast agents.

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate classification of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast media is crucial.
  • Distinguishing between ionic and nonionic agents is essential for understanding their behavior and applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an experimental basis for differentiating between ionic and nonionic MR imaging contrast media.
  • To define operational terms for 'ionic' and 'nonionic' in the context of contrast agents.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized four independent physical measurements: electric conductivity, osmolality, electrophoresis, and ion exchange.
  • Tested a range of compounds including D-glucose, iohexol, gadopentetate dimeglumine, and gadodiamide at physiologic pH (7.4).

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Demonstrated that iohexol, D-glucose, and gadodiamide are nonionic, showing no measurable dissociation in solution.
  • Showed that gadopentetate salts function as electrolytes, dissociating into charged ions in aqueous media.
  • Compared 'neutral' and 'net zero charge' with 'nonionic', confirming the accuracy of 'nonionic'.

Conclusions:

  • Established that the nomenclature 'nonionic' and 'ionic' is appropriate for differentiating MR imaging contrast media.
  • Provided clear experimental definitions for ionic and nonionic contrast agents.
  • Clarified the behavior of specific MR contrast agents like gadodiamide and gadopentetate dimeglumine.