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[Neurobehavioural testing in lead smelter workers].

P Carta1, R Carta, G Aru

  • 1Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Cagliari. cartapl@pacs.unica.it

Giornale Italiano Di Medicina Del Lavoro Ed Ergonomia
|October 26, 2005
PubMed
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This study found that elevated blood lead levels (PbB) above 300 µg/l in lead smelter workers correlated with increased errors and slower response times in neurobehavioral tests, suggesting potential neurotoxicity even at current exposure levels.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Neurotoxicology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Previous meta-analyses suggest subtle neurobehavioral deficits associated with blood lead levels (PbB) between 350-600 µg/l.
  • Inorganic lead exposure is linked to cognitive impairments, though evidence at lower levels is still being investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between blood lead levels (PbB) and neurobehavioral test performance in lead smelter workers.
  • To assess if PbB levels below 350 µg/l are associated with cognitive deficits.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 94 lead smelter workers with a median PbB of 302 µg/l (range: 60-690 µg/l) were assessed.
  • Neurobehavioral tests from the SPES battery and WAIS-R were administered.
  • Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data, adjusting for confounding factors.

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Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between PbB levels rising above 300 µg/l and an increase in errors and response time on the Symbol Digit test.
  • This association remained significant after adjusting for age, education, vocabulary score, and alcohol/cigarette consumption.
  • No significant relationships were observed for other neurobehavioral tests after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions:

  • The study suggests potential neurotoxic effects of inorganic lead even at exposure levels around 300 µg/l PbB.
  • Results support recommendations for a biological limit of 300 µg/l PbB, as suggested by ACGIH BEI and SCOEL.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes and more tests is warranted to confirm these findings.