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Related Experiment Videos

Recall and recognition memory deficits in depression.

A N Brand1, J Jolles, C Gispen-de Wied

  • 1Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|May 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Depression impairs memory recall and recognition, particularly active retrieval. These memory deficits in depressive patients may improve with task practice, suggesting encoding issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Depression is often associated with cognitive deficits, including memory impairments.
  • The specific nature of these memory deficits in depression requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate memory deficits in depressive subjects using word learning tests.
  • To differentiate between retrieval and encoding impairments in depression.

Main Methods:

  • Word learning tests with varying learning trials (1, 3, 5) were administered to depressive patients and controls.
  • Recognition tests and recall tests (immediate and delayed) were used to assess memory performance.

Main Results:

  • Depressive patients showed inferior memory recall after 5 learning trials compared to controls.

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  • Patients were slower in recognition tests, but recognition accuracy was similar to controls.
  • Initial impairments in recall and recognition after 1 trial improved with more trials, except for immediate recall.

    • Conclusions:

    • Memory deficits in depression may involve impaired active retrieval and potentially encoding, especially early in cognitive tasks.
    • Cognitive effort and resource allocation likely play a role in the observed memory impairments in depression.