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Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
Published on: September 1, 2015
[Anti-CD4 autoimmunity in HIV-infected persons in Russia]
Voprosy Virusologii
|October 28, 2005
Summary
Autoimmune antibodies targeting CD4 receptors were found in 14% of HIV-1 patients with gagA/envA virus, common in East European drug users. This frequency was lower in patients with envB virus, with the epitope located in CD4 domains D3/D4.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- HIV Research
Background:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection can lead to various immune dysfunctions.
- The CD4 receptor is a critical target for HIV-1 entry and a key component of the immune system.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of anti-CD4 antibodies in HIV-1 infected individuals across different viral genetic subgroups.
- To identify the specific domains of the CD4 receptor targeted by these autoimmune antibodies.
Main Methods:
- Sera or plasma from HIV-1 infected patients from different genetic subgroups were analyzed.
- Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies against CD4 domains was employed.
Main Results:
- Anti-CD4 antibodies (dilution ≥ 1:1000) were detected in 14% of patients infected with the gagA/envA HIV-1 subtype, prevalent in East European injectable drug users.
- The frequency of these autoimmune antibodies was significantly lower (4.4%) in patients infected with the envB HIV-1 subtype.
- The target epitope for these autoimmune antibodies was localized to the D4 or D3/D4 domains of the CD4 receptor, independent of the viral genotype.
Conclusions:
- The prevalence of anti-CD4 antibodies varies among different HIV-1 genetic subgroups.
- The findings suggest a potential link between specific HIV-1 subtypes and the development of autoimmunity against the CD4 receptor.
- The D3/D4 domains of CD4 are the primary targets for these autoimmune responses in HIV-1 infection.
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