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Perinatal asphyxia pathophysiology in pig and human: a review
María Alonso-Spilsbury1, Daniel Mota-Rojas, Dina Villanueva-García
1Agriculture & Animal Production Department Area: Ecodesarrollo de la Producción Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico city, Mexico. maspilsbury@hotmail.com
Animal Reproduction Science
|November 1, 2005
Summary
Fetal asphyxia, leading to hypoxia and acidosis, causes significant piglet mortality. Understanding its pathophysiology and implementing monitoring strategies like the Apgar score can reduce neonatal deaths and improve piglet health.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Neonatal Physiology
- Perinatal Health
Background:
- Fetal exposure to umbilical cord oxygen flow interruption causes asphyxia, leading to hypoxia and metabolic acidosis.
- These conditions are primary drivers of intra-partum and neonatal mortality in piglets.
- Asphyxia negatively impacts postnatal performance through impaired suckling, reduced colostrum absorption, and inadequate passive immunity transfer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology of perinatal asphyxia in piglets.
- To discuss compensatory physiological mechanisms in piglets experiencing perinatal hypoxemia.
- To compare asphyxia in piglets with other mammals, including human neonates.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on perinatal asphyxia in piglets.
- Analysis of physiological, behavioral, and biochemical changes during parturition.
- Comparison of asphyxia pathophysiology across species.
Main Results:
- Asphyxia leads to metabolic acidosis and hypoxia, causing hypothermia, increased mortality, and reduced survival.
- Intrauterine hypoxia can result in meconium expulsion and aspiration, impacting lung health.
- Despite technological advancements, piglet mortality from asphyxia remains a significant issue.
Conclusions:
- Understanding fetal hypoxia pathophysiology is crucial for improving delivery techniques and reducing neonatal mortality.
- Implementing strategies like the Apgar score for monitoring fetal stress may reduce piglet mortality.
- Optimizing parturition management is key to enhancing piglet vitality, maturity, and development.