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Related Concept Videos

Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a surface,...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
Silica particles offer advantages such as rigidity,...
Micelles01:30

Micelles

Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates
08:09

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

Published on: May 9, 2014

Polymer nano- and microspheres with bumpy and chain-segregated surfaces.

Ronghua Zheng1, Guojun Liu, Xiaohu Yan

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3L6.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 3, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a simple method to create polymer spheres with bumpy surfaces. These unique bumpy polymer spheres show potential for applications in drug delivery systems.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates
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Covalent Immobilization of Proteins for the Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy

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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Spherical polymer structures are widely investigated for various applications.
  • Controlling surface morphology is crucial for functionalizing polymer materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel and simple method for preparing polymer spheres with hemispherical surface bumps.
  • To demonstrate the production of spheres with controlled diameters and chain segregation.

Main Methods:

  • A straightforward preparation technique was employed.
  • The method allows for the synthesis of polymer spheres with diameters ranging from approximately 30 to 500 nm.

Main Results:

  • Successfully produced polymer spheres featuring hemispherical surface bumps.
  • Achieved concentration of one polymer chain type on the bumpy surfaces.
  • Demonstrated control over sphere size within the 30-500 nm range.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method offers a simple route to create functional polymer spheres.
  • Chain-segregated bumpy surfaces on polymer spheres hold promise for advanced applications.
  • Potential applications include drug delivery and other specialized fields.