Levels of complexity in the microstructure of mammalian enamel and their application in studies of systematics

Description and analysis of the complex structure of enamel can be facilitated through the application of a system of hierarchical levels of structural complexity. Five interdependent levels are distinguished. These are the levels of: 1) crystallites, 2) prisms, 3) enamel types, 4) schmelzmuster, and 5) dentition. This system provides a basis for analysis of both variation of particular structures and variation of structural types throughout a mammal's dentition. Optimally, in wide ranging systematic and biomechanical studies, all levels of structural complexity should be considered, but lack of information about one level does not prevent significant analyses at other levels.