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Pulmonary embolism: lung scan and computed tomography.

Carlo Marini1, Antonio Palla, Carlo Giuntini

  • 1Cardio Thoracic Department, University of Pisa and CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy. marini@ifc.cnr.it

Italian Heart Journal : Official Journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology
|November 8, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) can be challenging due to subtle symptoms. This review evaluates non-invasive tests like lung scans and CT scans for accurate PE diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Diagnostic Medicine
  • Cardiopulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis is often complicated by subtle or atypical clinical presentations.
  • Pulmonary angiography, while definitive, is invasive and carries risks.
  • The need for accurate and less invasive diagnostic methods for PE is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and assess the diagnostic value of non-invasive imaging techniques for pulmonary embolism.
  • To compare the efficacy of ventilation-perfusion scans, perfusion lung scans, and chest computed tomography scans in diagnosing PE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for pulmonary embolism.
  • Analysis of sensitivity and specificity data for ventilation-perfusion scans, perfusion lung scans, and chest CT scans.

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Main Results:

  • Ventilation-perfusion scans show high specificity (97%) but low sensitivity (41%) for PE.
  • Perfusion lung scans alone offer high sensitivity (87%) with good specificity (92%).
  • Chest computed tomography scan's diagnostic accuracy for PE is still under investigation but shows promise.

Conclusions:

  • Non-invasive imaging techniques offer valuable alternatives for diagnosing pulmonary embolism.
  • Perfusion lung scans demonstrate a favorable balance of sensitivity and specificity for PE detection.
  • While chest CT is evolving, the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism requires careful clinical correlation beyond technical results.