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Related Experiment Videos

Bone-conducted sound: physiological and clinical aspects.

Stefan Stenfelt1, Richard L Goode

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305-5739, USA.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|November 8, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Bone conduction hearing, a century-old phenomenon, is not fully understood. Research identifies five factors, with cochlear fluid inertia being key, impacting hearing aid use for certain hearing losses.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Otoacoustic Emissions
  • Auditory Physiology

Background:

  • Bone conduction hearing, the sensation of sound via skull vibration, has been recognized since the 19th century.
  • Despite extensive research, the precise physiology of bone conduction hearing remains incompletely understood.
  • Recent advancements offer new insights into this auditory pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of bone conduction hearing physiology.
  • To discuss the clinical relevance and limitations of bone conduction sound.
  • To provide clinicians with essential knowledge for managing hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review encompassing clinical bone conduction hearing.
  • Inclusion of studies on bone conduction hearing aids.

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  • Incorporation of basic research and recent laboratory findings on bone conduction physiology.

    • Main Results:

    • Five contributing factors to bone conduction hearing were identified: external ear canal sound radiation, middle ear ossicle inertia, cochlear fluid inertia, cochlear wall compression, and cerebrospinal fluid pressure transmission.
    • Inertia of the cochlear fluid emerged as the most significant factor.
    • Bone conduction sensitivity is less affected by middle ear diseases than air conduction sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • Bone conduction hearing is influenced by multiple physical factors, with cochlear fluid inertia playing a primary role.
    • Bone conduction is considered a reliable indicator of cochlear function, though influenced by specific conditions.
    • Bone conduction hearing aids are valuable for patients with hearing loss contraindicating air conduction aids, despite the former's lower efficiency.