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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
Published on: June 30, 2013
Norepinephrine inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection through the NF-kappaB inactivation
Masako Moriuchi1, Hiroyuki Yoshimine, Kazunori Oishi
1Division of Medical Virology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Abstract:
Exercise or acute stress can exert significant effects on immune system as well as cardiovascular and respiratory systems through catecholamines. In this study, we investigated effects of norepinephrine (NE), a catecholamine neurotransmitter on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. NE inhibited in vitro HIV-1 infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors and ex vivo HIV-1 replication in patients' PBMC. In transient expression assays, NE downregulated HIV-1 long terminal repeat, but site-directed mutagenesis on NF-kappaB-binding sites or cotreatment with H89 (a protein kinase A inhibitor) abrogated the NE-mediated effect. Gel-shift assays showed suppression of NF-kappaB activity in NE-treated cells. NE increased cytoplasmic levels of IkappaB-alpha, a natural inhibitor of NF-kappaB. Thus, NE apparently inhibits HIV-1 infection, at least in part through NF-kappaB inactivation.
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