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Energy requirements and aging.

Susan B Roberts1, Gerard E Dallal

  • 1Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA. susan.roberts@tufts.edu

Public Health Nutrition
|November 10, 2005
PubMed
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Energy needs decrease with age. Total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity levels (PAL) decline throughout adulthood, impacting dietary recommendations for older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Human Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Aging is associated with changes in energy metabolism.
  • Understanding energy requirements across the lifespan is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize existing literature on energy requirements in aging individuals.
  • To analyze components of energy expenditure in relation to age.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published data on basal metabolic rate (BMR) and total energy expenditure (TEE).
  • Analysis of data from the US Institute of Medicine database (pre-2001 studies).
  • Inclusion of individuals aged 20-100 years.

Main Results:

  • Total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL) showed a progressive decline with age in both normal weight and overweight adults.

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  • In normal weight individuals, TEE decreased by approximately 150 kcal per decade.
  • PAL decreased from 1.75 in the second decade to 1.28 in the ninth decade.

    • Conclusions:

    • Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in resting and total energy expenditure.
    • These age-related changes in energy expenditure have significant implications for establishing appropriate dietary energy recommendations throughout adult life.