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Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

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Primary pituitary lymphoma presenting as hypophysitis.

Yu-Yao Huang1, Shu-Fu Lin, Po Dunn

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Endocrine Journal
|November 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case report describes a rare instance of primary pituitary lymphoma with concurrent hypophysitis in a 47-year-old man. Diagnosis was challenging until systemic metastasis occurred, highlighting the complexity of pituitary mass lesions.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pituitary insufficiency and prolonged fever prompted investigation in a 47-year-old male.
  • Imaging revealed a sellar mass, with pathology indicating atypical T-lymphoid cells and B-lymphoid cells.

Observation:

  • The patient presented with persistent fever and endocrine dysfunction suggestive of pituitary insufficiency.
  • A sellar mass was identified, and initial pathology showed mixed T- and B-lymphoid cell infiltration.

Findings:

  • Subtotal tumor resection and steroid therapy temporarily improved symptoms.
  • The pituitary mass invaded surrounding structures, and metastatic lesions appeared in the liver, adrenal gland, and lymph nodes.
  • Liver metastasis confirmed exclusive T-cell origin, distinct from the pituitary infiltrate.

Implications:

  • This case highlights primary pituitary lymphoma as a rare cause of hypophysitis and pituitary dysfunction.
  • The clinical presentation can mimic inflammatory conditions, delaying diagnosis until systemic metastasis.
  • Early recognition and differentiation from other pituitary masses are crucial for effective management.