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Related Concept Videos

Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Magnetic Force01:18

Magnetic Force

In addition to the electric forces between electric charges, moving electric charges exert magnetic forces on each other. A magnetic field is created by a moving charge or a group of moving charges known as the electric current. A magnetic force is experienced by a second current or moving charge in response to this magnetic field. Fundamentally, interactions between moving electrons in the atoms of two bodies produce magnetic forces between them.
The magnetic force acting on a moving charge...

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Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention
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Anionogenic ferromagnets.

Jisk J Attema1, Gilles A de Wijs, Graeme R Blake

  • 1Electronic Structure of Materials, IMM, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 17, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rubidium sesquioxide is a rare ferromagnet with a magnetic moment on oxygen, showing potential for spintronics. This p-electron magnetism discovery could lead to significantly reduced spin relaxation in electronic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Quantum chemistry

Background:

  • Magnetism typically arises from 3d and 4f elements.
  • Ferromagnetism in 2p-electron systems is exceptionally rare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetic properties of rubidium sesquioxide.
  • To explore its potential for spintronic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional theory calculations were employed.
  • Analysis of electronic structure and magnetic ordering.

Main Results:

  • Rubidium sesquioxide exhibits ferromagnetism with a Curie temperature around 300 K.
  • The magnetic moment is localized on the oxygen anion.
  • The material functions as a half-metal, conducting for minority spin electrons.
  • Reduced spin-orbit interactions due to the light element (oxygen) were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Rubidium sesquioxide represents a novel p-electron ferromagnet.
  • Its half-metallic nature and reduced spin-orbit interactions make it a promising candidate for advanced spintronic devices.
  • Expected suppression of spin relaxation by two orders of magnitude offers significant advantages over current spintronic materials.