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Related Experiment Videos

Kala-Azar at high altitude.

Sanjay K Mahajan1, Prem Machhan, Anil Kanga

  • 1Department of Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla.

The Journal of Communicable Diseases
|November 22, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), typically found at low altitudes, is reported in tribal regions of Himachal Pradesh, India, at high altitudes (2000-3000 meters MSL). These cases suggest a potential expansion of VL to previously undocumented high-altitude endemic areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) is endemic in India, primarily associated with low-altitude regions.
  • Traditional understanding posits VL transmission below 500 meters mean sea level.
  • Previous reports in India have noted cases in the sub-Himalayan Kumaon region (350-960 meters MSL).

Observation:

  • Two indigenous patients from Kinnnaur district, Himachal Pradesh, presented with VL.
  • These patients resided at high altitudes (2000-3000 meters MSL) and had no history of travel to known endemic areas.
  • The cases originated from altitudes significantly higher than typically associated with VL.

Findings:

  • This study reports the first probable indigenous cases of VL from altitudes as high as 3000 meters MSL.

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  • The findings challenge the established altitude threshold for VL transmission in the Indian subcontinent.
  • Indigenous VL cases in high-altitude tribal areas indicate a potential shift in the disease's geographical distribution.

    • Implications:

    • The high-altitude occurrences necessitate a re-evaluation of the epidemiological patterns and geographical limits of VL in India.
    • Public health strategies may need to be revised to include high-altitude regions in surveillance and control efforts.
    • Further research is crucial to understand the vector-parasite adaptation and transmission dynamics in these elevated environments.