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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
Published on: June 23, 2019
[Diagnosis of cardiac disorders by noninvasive techniques in HIV-infected patients]
Jana Kondratieva1, Frank Breuckmann, Kai Nassenstein
1Westdeutsches Herzzentrum Essen, Klinik für Kardiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen.
Abstract:
HIV infection is frequently associated with cardiovascular involvement. Particularly new treatment concepts, including the highly active antiretroviral therapy, are suspected to increase the rate of cardiac and cardiovascular complications in this patient population. Hence, noninvasive techniques such as transthoracic echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging will become more important in the routine screening as well as in specific diagnostics of cardiovascular involvement of HIV infection. The present article describes the options of these noninvasive techniques for the detection of HIV-associated cardiac manifestations.
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