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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization (FISH) to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Published on: June 14, 2014
Molecular features and functional constraints in the evolution of the mammalian X chromosome
Pavel P Khil1, R Daniel Camerini-Otero
1Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Abstract:
Recent advances in genomic sequencing of multiple organisms have fostered significant advances in our understanding of the evolution of the sex chromosomes. The integration of this newly available sequence information with functional data has facilitated a considerable refinement of our conceptual framework of the forces driving this evolution. Here we address multiple functional constraints that were encountered in the evolution of the X chromosome and the impact that this evolutionary history has had on its modern behavior.
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