Clues to enhancing the identification of human immunodeficiency virus-infected women

Although ACOG recommends human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing of pregnant women who are "at increased risk" of HIV infection, more explicit recommendations do not exist. We suggest three stages of collecting clinical clues that may enhance the identification of HIV-infected women. The first considers traditional HIV-risk behaviors. The second incorporates the answers to specific questions in the clinical history, and the third considers the results of standard blood tests obtained during routine obstetric-gynecologic visits.