Related Experiment Videos
Is there teaching in nonhuman animals?
1Department of Wildlife & Fisheries Biology, University of California, Davis 95616.
The Quarterly Review of Biology
|June 1, 1992
Summary
This study redefines animal teaching, distinguishing it from other social learning. It proposes that instructor sensitivity and mental state attribution are not essential for teaching, challenging prior assumptions.
Area of Science:
- Ethology
- Animal Behavior
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- Previous definitions of teaching often rely on human models, potentially overlooking simpler forms in nonhuman animals.
- The necessity of instructor sensitivity and mental state attribution for teaching in animals has been debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a simple operational definition of teaching applicable to nonhuman animals.
- To challenge the assumption that complex cognitive abilities are prerequisites for teaching in animals.
- To review and categorize existing evidence of teaching in mammals and birds.
Main Methods:
- Derivation of a new operational definition of teaching.
- Functional analysis of teaching prerequisites.
- Review and categorization of documented cases of social learning in mammals and birds.
Main Results:
- Teaching is defined as distinct from other social learning, requiring active instructor participation.
- Instructor sensitivity and mental state attribution are not necessary conditions for teaching in nonhuman animals.
- Observed cases of animal teaching fall into "opportunity teaching" and "coaching".
Conclusions:
- A broader definition of teaching is needed to encompass phenomena in nonhuman animals.
- Future research should focus on simpler forms of teaching to better understand this behavior.
- Current data limitations may influence perceived species-specific teaching strategies.