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[Rift Valley fever].

Chiharu Morita1

  • 1Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 21, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Rift Valley fever, a mosquito-borne illness, outbreaks in East Africa are linked to climate patterns and mosquito habitats. Expansion beyond the Sahara in 1977 suggests environmental changes facilitated its spread.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Environmental Science

Context:

  • Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease endemic to sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Outbreaks typically occur every 5-10 years, influenced by climatic shifts like the inter-tropical convergence zone's movement.
  • Mosquito breeding grounds, such as "dambos" (shallow depressions), are crucial for disease transmission.

Purpose:

  • To summarize the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of Rift Valley fever.
  • To highlight the environmental factors contributing to RVF outbreaks.
  • To document the geographical expansion of RVF, including its emergence in Egypt.

Summary:

  • Rift Valley fever is transmitted by mosquitoes, with the virus first isolated in Kenya in 1931.
  • Outbreaks are associated with seasonal rainfall and specific mosquito habitats.
  • The disease spread south of the Sahara, with a significant outbreak in Egypt in 1977, possibly linked to irrigation projects.

Impact:

  • Understanding RVF transmission is critical for predicting and mitigating future outbreaks.
  • Environmental changes and water management practices can influence RVF epidemiology.
  • The geographical spread of RVF poses a significant threat to animal and human health in affected regions.

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