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Published on: April 22, 2019
Cytogenetic abnormalities in 106 oral squamous cell carcinomas
Charlotte Jin1, Yuesheng Jin, Johan Wennerberg
1Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. charlotte.jin@med.lu.se
Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics
|December 21, 2005
Summary
This study analyzed chromosome changes in 106 oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), revealing frequent complex karyotypes and specific genetic losses. Oral SCC shares common genetic pathways with laryngeal SCC, suggesting similar origins.
Area of Science:
- Cytogenetics
- Oncology
- Cancer Genomics
Background:
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a significant global health concern.
- Understanding the genetic underpinnings of SCC is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
- Previous cytogenetic studies have identified various chromosomal aberrations in SCC, but a comprehensive analysis of oral SCC is warranted.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the karyotypic features of oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC).
- To identify recurrent numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations in oral SCC.
- To compare the cytogenetic findings of oral SCC with those of laryngeal SCC to infer common genetic pathways.
Main Methods:
- Karyotypic analysis of 106 short-term cultured oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples.
- Compilation of data from 51 new and 55 previously reported cases.
- Statistical analysis to identify common numerical and structural aberrations and chromosomal imbalances.
Main Results:
- 36% of oral SCCs exhibited simple karyotypes, while 64% displayed complex karyotypes.
- Frequent numerical changes included gains of chromosomes +7, +8, +9, +16, +18, +20 and losses of -4, -10, -13, -14, -18, -19, -21, -22, and -Y.
- Recurrent structural aberrations involved centromeric regions, with common findings such as i(1q), i(3q), i(5p), i(8q), del(16)(q22), and hsr. Chromosomal band 11q13 was involved in 25 tumors.
- Losses of genetic material were more prevalent than gains, with frequent imbalances observed in 2q, 3p, 4p, 6q, 8p, 10p, 11q, 13p, 14p, 15p, and chromosomes 18, 21, 22, and Y.
Conclusions:
- Oral squamous cell carcinomas frequently exhibit complex karyotypic alterations, with a predominance of genetic material loss.
- Specific chromosomal aberrations and imbalances, particularly involving centromeric regions and band 11q13, are characteristic of oral SCC.
- The observed cytogenetic similarities between oral and laryngeal SCC suggest shared genetic pathways in the development of squamous cell carcinomas, irrespective of anatomical origin.
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