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Related Experiment Videos

Influence of instructions on expectancy effects in Rorschach testing.

S J Marwit1, M E Strauss

  • 1Counseling Service, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.

Journal of Personality Assessment
|February 1, 1975
PubMed
Summary

Experimenter expectancy effects in Rorschach testing depend on experimenter attributes, not just instructions. Audio-only cues may transmit biases as effectively as audio-visual ones.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychological Assessment
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • Experimenter expectancy effects can influence psychological test results.
  • The Rorschach test is susceptible to subtle influences during administration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether experimenter expectancy effects in Rorschach testing are transmitted through instructional recordings.
  • To determine if communication channel (audio vs. audio-visual) affects the transmission of these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects were exposed to videotaped Rorschach instructions from experimenters who had previously biased participants for high or low productivity.
  • Participants then completed the free association portion of the Rorschach test.
  • The study compared outcomes across different experimenters and communication channels.

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Main Results:

  • Biased results were observed for only one of the two biased experimenters.
  • The observed effects did not vary significantly based on the communication channel used (audio or audio-visual).
  • Preliminary evidence suggested audio-only cues were as effective as combined cues.

Conclusions:

  • Experimenter expectancy effects in Rorschach testing are not solely dependent on the content of instructions.
  • Experimenter-specific attributes, potentially subtle and not always evident during instructions, play a crucial role.
  • The findings suggest that the transmission of expectancy effects is complex and may not require full visual cues.