Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

R in Rorschach research: a ghost revisited.

J E Exner1

  • 1Rorschach Workshops, Asheville, NC 28815-9010, USA.

Journal of Personality Assessment
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Superiority of form% over Lambda for research on the Rorschach Comprehensive System.

Journal of personality assessment·2001
Same author

The future of Rorschach in personality assessment.

Journal of personality assessment·1997
Same author

Critical bits and the Rorschach response process.

Journal of personality assessment·1996
Same author

Is the Rorschach welcome in the courtroom?

Journal of personality assessment·1996
Same author

Rorschach changes following brief and short-term therapy.

Journal of personality assessment·1992
Same author

Comments on "the Rorschach M response: a return to its roots".

Journal of personality assessment·1991
Same journal

Comparing the Psychometric Characteristics of Two 32-Item Versions of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems: An Extended Replication Study in English and Dutch.

Journal of personality assessment·2026
Same journal

Psychometric Evaluation of a Contextualized Version of the German BFI-2 for the Digital World Across Self- and Other-Ratings.

Journal of personality assessment·2026
Same journal

Case Studies with the Rorschach Test: A Systematic Literature Review.

Journal of personality assessment·2026
Same journal

A Stratified Analysis of Body Perception, Interoception and Somatosensory Brain Processing in Healthy Adults.

Journal of personality assessment·2026
Same journal

Predicting the Level of Suicide Risk with the MMPI-3.

Journal of personality assessment·2026
Same journal

Strengths Knowledge Scale (SKS) and Strengths Use Scale (SUS): Revisiting Psychometric Properties and Gender Invariance in the General Spanish Population.

Journal of personality assessment·2026
See all related articles

Normalization of Rorschach test scores is often debated. However, most Rorschach analyses do not require score normalization, especially when using nonparametric variables, to avoid distorting results.

Area of Science:

  • Psychological assessment
  • Psychometrics
  • Rorschach testing

Background:

  • The Rorschach test is a widely used projective psychological assessment.
  • A recurring debate in Rorschach research concerns the necessity of normalizing or partialing scores in relation to the total number of responses (R).
  • Previous arguments for normalization often cite Cronbach (1949) and Fiske & Baughman (1953).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the necessity of normalizing Rorschach scores in relation to the total number of responses (R) in data analysis.
  • To determine if intercorrelations between R and other Rorschach variables are significant enough to warrant normalization.
  • To assess the impact of normalization on both parametric and nonparametric Rorschach variables.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of intercorrelations between R and various parametric Rorschach variables.
  • Examination of Rorschach data from groups including nonpatients, schizophrenics, and depressives.
  • Consideration of the effects of normalization on nonparametric variables.
  • Main Results:

    • Intercorrelations between R and most parametric Rorschach variables were found to be non-significant across the studied groups.
    • Normalization or partialing for R is generally not required for most Rorschach data analyses.
    • Normalization or partialing is inappropriate and distorts distributions when nonparametric variables are included.

    Conclusions:

    • Most Rorschach analyses can proceed without normalizing or partialing for R.
    • The issue of R normalization is critical only when specific variables are included in the analysis.
    • Normalization procedures can inappropriately distort data, particularly with nonparametric Rorschach variables.