Characterization of SPAK and OSR1, regulatory kinases of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter

Kenneth B E Gagnon1, Roger England, Eric Delpire

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-4202 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they...
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Secondary Active Transport

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Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Flippase
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