Visualization of localized holes in manganite thin films with atomic resolution

The magnetic and transport behaviors of manganites are critically related to the spatial distribution and correlation of doped holes. Using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy, we have imaged both occupied and unoccupied states simultaneously in a hole-doped (La(5/8-0.3)Pr0.3)Ca(3/8)MnO3 epitaxial thin film grown by laser molecular beam epitaxy. Doped holes localized on Mn4+ ion sites were directly observed with atomic resolution in the paramagnetic state at room temperature. In contrast to a random distribution, these doped holes show strong short-range correlation and clear preference of forming nanoscale CE-type charge-order-like clusters. The results provide direct visualization of the nature of intriguing electronic inhomogeneity in transition metal oxides.