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Related Experiment Videos

Does retrieval fluency contribute to the underconfidence-with-practice effect?

Michael J Serra1, John Dunlosky

  • 1Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|January 6, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Judgments of learning (JOLs) show underconfidence-with-practice (UWP) despite learning gains. Retrieval fluency minimally explains this UWP effect, challenging existing hypotheses.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Metacognition
  • Learning Science

Background:

  • Judgments of learning (JOLs) often underestimate actual learning gains across study-test trials.
  • This phenomenon is known as the underconfidence-with-practice (UWP) effect.
  • The role of retrieval fluency in the UWP effect requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the contribution of retrieval fluency to the UWP effect.
  • To differentiate the UWP effect for immediate versus delayed JOLs.
  • To test the validity of the retrieval-fluency hypothesis for UWP.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted involving multiple study-test trials.
  • Participants made immediate and delayed judgments of learning (JOLs).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Fine-grained analyses assessed the relationship between retrieval fluency and JOL accuracy.

    • Main Results:

    • The underconfidence-with-practice (UWP) effect was confirmed for both immediate and delayed JOLs.
    • Retrieval fluency was found to contribute minimally to the UWP effect.
    • Results challenge the explanatory power of the retrieval-fluency hypothesis.

    Conclusions:

    • The retrieval-fluency hypothesis offers limited explanation for the underconfidence-with-practice (UWP) effect.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the UWP effect.
    • Metacognitive judgments may not solely rely on the ease of information retrieval.