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Identification of X- and Y-chromosome bearing buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) sperm

Y Q Lu1, M Zhang, B Meng

  • 1Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bioresource Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.

Animal Reproduction Science
|January 18, 2006
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Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.