Bilateral oophorectomy and premature menopause

The ovary is a complex metabolic organ. The follicles produce both androgens and estrogens, whereas the stromal tissue synthesizes androgens only. When menopause occurs, both androgen and estrogen levels decrease. The postmenopausal ovary remains a source of endogenous androgens that are converted to estrogen. The consequences of premature removal of the ovaries are not well known. The risks and benefits of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) in women with premature menopause have not been studied. Women who have had surgical menopause experience more severe symptoms and will need to stop estrogen therapy at some point in their lives. Intense symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, and insomnia will redevelop, so women should be given informed consent about the need for long-term use of HT and the greater difficulty in discontinuing therapy.