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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Isolation of Endocardial and Coronary Endothelial Cells from the Ventricular Free Wall of the Rat Heart
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Enterobacter endocarditis.

A R Tunkel1, M J Fisch, A Schlein

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19129.

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enterobacter endocarditis, a rare infection, can occur after heart valve replacement. Successful treatment often involves combined antibiotics, but resistance can develop, sometimes necessitating surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Enterobacter species are an uncommon cause of endocarditis.
  • Infective endocarditis poses significant risks, particularly in patients with prosthetic heart valves.

Observation:

  • A case of Enterobacter cloacae endocarditis post-mitral valve replacement was successfully treated with antibiotics alone.
  • Literature review identified 17 additional cases, revealing a predilection for the mitral valve and frequent underlying cardiac disease.

Findings:

  • The overall mortality rate for Enterobacter endocarditis was 44.4%.
  • Effective antibiotic therapy typically involves a beta-lactam and aminoglycoside combination, with vigilant blood culture monitoring.
  • Emergence of resistance via beta-lactamase induction during therapy is a critical concern.

Implications:

  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial selection are crucial for managing Enterobacter endocarditis.
  • Treatment strategies must account for potential antimicrobial resistance.
  • Surgical intervention is reserved for cases refractory to medical management.