Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 13, 2026

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea
Published on: November 9, 2016
Botulinum toxin treatment of sialorrhea: comparing different therapeutic preparations
1Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Division of Research, SingHealth. gnrtek@sgh.com.sg
Abstract:
In recent years, a number of potential new therapeutic indications of botulinum toxin injections have emerged, amongst which sialorrhea has attracted considerable attention. Based on open-label and controlled studies, botulinum toxin can be used to improve sialorrhea in patients with Parkinson's disease, parkinsonian syndromes, motor neuron disease and cerebral palsy. The toxin can be injected blindly based on anatomic landmarks of the salivary glands, or localization can be facilitated by use of ultrasound guidance. There are few reported adverse effects. However, many more carefully designed, controlled studies are still required to address the specific questions related to selection of patients, the optimal injection technique, the appropriate dose of botulinum toxin and its long-term effects.
Related Concept Videos
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics
Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses
Respiratory Tract: Ipratropium, aclidinium, and tiotropium treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They protect against bronchoconstriction caused by irritants like cigarette smoke, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. They also help reduce nasopharyngeal secretions in common...
