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Growth patterns of the face: a morphometric study.

L G Farkas1, J C Posnick, T M Hreczko

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
|July 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Facial growth in North American Caucasian children shows distinct patterns. Mandible width develops early, while overall facial dimensions mature later, with females reaching maturity earlier than males.

Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial development
  • Anthropometry
  • Human growth and development

Background:

  • Understanding age-related facial growth is crucial for orthodontics and pediatric care.
  • Previous studies have provided general insights, but detailed analysis of specific facial dimensions across a wide age range is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify age-related changes in facial dimensions and inter-relationships.
  • To establish normative data for craniofacial growth in healthy North American Caucasian children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized anthropometric measurements (3 vertical, 2 horizontal, 2 projective) from 1,594 healthy North American Caucasians aged 1–18 years.
  • Analyzed the developmental trajectories of various facial components, including mandible width and height, and overall facial dimensions.

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Main Results:

  • Mandible width reached 80.2% of adult size by age 1, while mandible height was 66.6%.
  • Significant mandibular development occurred between ages 1–5, followed by gradual growth of other facial dimensions after age 5.
  • Facial maturity was generally observed between 12–15 years, with females maturing approximately 2 years earlier than males.

Conclusions:

  • Facial growth is characterized by early mandibular width development and later maturation of overall facial structures.
  • Sex-specific differences in facial maturation timing are evident, with females reaching adult facial dimensions sooner.
  • These findings provide valuable reference data for assessing craniofacial development in children.