Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 9, 2026
Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
Published on: May 1, 2015
Ancillary tests of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system
D L Step1, S M McGuirk, R J Callan
1Pitman Moore, Mundelein, Illinois.
Insights
Diagnosing cardiovascular or lymphatic diseases in food animals requires specific tests beyond general clinical signs. This review details various diagnostic procedures for accurate assessment and treatment monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Animal Physiology
Background:
- Clinical signs of cardiovascular or lymphatic diseases in food animals are often non-specific.
- Symptoms like edema, cardiac murmur, or cyanosis necessitate further diagnostic evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the indications, methodology, and interpretation of diagnostic tests for food animal cardiovascular and lymphatic diseases.
- To provide a comprehensive guide for veterinarians investigating these conditions.
Main Methods:
- Review of diagnostic techniques including electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and lymph node biopsy.
- Description of arterial blood gas analysis, pericardiocentesis, and cardiac catheterization.
- Inclusion of indirect blood pressure determination and other relevant tests.
Main Results:
- Detailed explanations of how each diagnostic test aids in identifying cardiovascular or lymphatic abnormalities.
- Guidance on interpreting results for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment assessment.
- Emphasis on the importance of specific investigations for definitive diagnoses.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis and management of cardiovascular and lymphatic diseases in food animals rely on specific diagnostic procedures.
- This article serves as a resource for veterinarians utilizing these tests effectively.
- Appropriate use of these diagnostic tools is crucial for animal health and welfare.
Abstract:
Clinical signs of cardiovascular or lymphatic disease may not be specific. Even such signs as edema, cardiac murmur, or cyanosis require further investigation to make a final diagnosis, determine prognosis, or assess treatment response. This article describes indications, description, and interpretation of the electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, phonocardiogram, arterial blood gases, pericardiocentesis, cardiac catheterization, lymph node aspirate or biopsy, indirect blood pressure determination, and other tests associated with the investigation of cardiovascular or lymphatic disease of food animals.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...
01:16Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular spaces.
01:23Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
01:29Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection
Head and Neck
01:27Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
01:29Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection