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Premorbid neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Holger J Sørensen1, Erik L Mortensen, Josef Parnas

  • 1Danish Epidemiology Science Center, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital.

Schizophrenia Bulletin
|January 27, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Children with lower scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) Coding subtest show an increased risk for developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders later in life. This cognitive deficit may signal early perceptual or processing speed issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Previous research indicated lower Coding subtest scores in preschizophrenic children compared to unaffected siblings.
  • Cognitive functioning in adolescence is a potential predictor for later-onset psychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between low scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) Coding subtest in adolescence and the subsequent risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 311 children and adolescents (mean age 15.1 years) who underwent WISC testing.
  • Diagnostic assessment for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (DSM-IIIR) conducted by senior clinicians 25 years after initial testing.
  • Logistic regression analysis controlled for age, gender, and social status.

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Main Results:

  • Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n=84) exhibited significantly lower scores on the WISC Coding subtest compared to controls.
  • This association remained significant even after controlling for overall WISC IQ.
  • A 3% decreased risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorder was observed for each unit increase in the Coding raw score (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-1.00).

Conclusions:

  • Low performance on the WISC Coding subtest in adolescence is a significant, albeit weak, predictor of developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
  • This cognitive deficit may reflect underlying issues in perceptual motor speed or working memory processing speed in individuals at risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders.