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Cancer-associated malnutrition.

J M Argilés1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. argiles@porthos.bio.ub.es

European Journal of Oncology Nursing : the Official Journal of European Oncology Nursing Society
|January 27, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Malnutrition affects many cancer patients, sometimes leading to cachexia. Nutritional supplements with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) show promise in reversing cachexia and improving survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Malnutrition is prevalent in cancer patients, affecting up to 85% with certain cancers.
  • Severe malnutrition can progress to cancer cachexia, characterized by lean body mass loss, muscle wasting, and functional decline.
  • Cancer cachexia negatively impacts treatment response, increases adverse events, and reduces quality of life and survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of nutritional interventions in managing cancer malnutrition and cachexia.
  • To investigate the efficacy of nutritional supplements containing anti-inflammatory agents like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in cancer cachexia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cancer malnutrition and cachexia.
  • Analysis of studies investigating nutritional supplementation, including those with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like EPA.
  • Examination of clinical data on EPA's impact on cachexia reversal and survival.

Main Results:

  • Nutritional supplementation can halt malnutrition but is often insufficient to prevent cachexia development.
  • EPA, an anti-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), demonstrates benefits beyond standard nutritional support.
  • Clinical studies link EPA to the reversal of cachexia and improved patient survival.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome requiring multifaceted interventions.
  • EPA-containing nutritional supplements show potential in managing cancer cachexia by targeting underlying mechanisms.
  • Early intervention with EPA may improve outcomes for malnourished cancer patients.

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