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Related Experiment Videos

Gonorrhea: update.

James W Little1

  • 1University of Minnesota, Naples, FL, USA. wlittle17@comcast.net

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics
|February 2, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gonorrhea, a common sexually transmitted disease (STD), shows declining rates but increasing antimicrobial resistance. Dentists should follow CDC precautions for patient safety and be aware of STD reporting laws.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Gonorrhea, caused by *Neisseria gonorrhoeae*, is a prevalent worldwide sexually transmitted disease (STD).
  • It is the second most frequently reported STD in the United States, with an estimated 600,000 infections annually, though reported cases are significantly lower.
  • While national gonorrhea rates have generally declined since 1999, regional disparities exist, with the South reporting the highest rates in 2003.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of gonorrhea in the United States.
  • To highlight the growing concern of antimicrobial resistance in *Neisseria gonorrhoeae*.
  • To provide guidance for dental professionals regarding infection control and reporting of STDs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of national gonorrhea surveillance data.

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  • Review of antimicrobial resistance trends from the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP).
  • Discussion of clinical presentation, transmission risks in dental settings, and infection control recommendations.

    • Main Results:

    • Gonorrhea rates declined significantly from 1975-1997 and continued to decrease after 1999, although the South had the highest rate in 2003.
    • Antimicrobial resistance is a significant issue, with approximately 16% of isolates resistant to penicillin and/or tetracycline in 2003.
    • Ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed a concerning increase, with 4.1% reported in 2003.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite declining incidence, antimicrobial resistance poses a substantial challenge to gonorrhea treatment.
    • Dental professionals must adhere to standard precautions to prevent cross-infection and be aware of high-risk patient groups for other STDs.
    • Awareness of and compliance with state-specific STD reporting requirements are crucial for public health surveillance.