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Sex differences in insomnia: a meta-analysis.

Bin Zhang¹, Yun-Kwok Wing

¹Department ofPsychiatry, Shatin Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, Peoples Republic China.

|February 4, 2006

Summary

Women are more likely to experience insomnia than men, with a 41% higher risk. This predisposition is consistent across ages, particularly in the elderly, and across various insomnia criteria.

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Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Sleep Medicine
Public Health

Background:

Existing evidence suggests a higher prevalence of insomnia in females.
Understanding sex differences in insomnia risk is crucial for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To meta-analytically investigate sex differences in the risk of insomnia using published epidemiologic studies.
To quantify the overall risk ratio for insomnia in females compared to males.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature search and snowball method identified relevant epidemiologic studies.
Meta-analytic methods were employed, including nine distinct analyses.
Data from 1,265,015 participants (718,828 female, 546,187 male) were analyzed.

Main Results:

A significant female predisposition to insomnia was confirmed, with a risk ratio of 1.41 (95% CI: 1.28-1.55).
The female excess risk was more pronounced in larger, higher-quality studies and increased progressively with age, especially in the elderly.
This predisposition remained consistent across different insomnia definitions and regions, with a notably lower excess in East Asia.

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis confirms a significant predisposition to insomnia in females.
Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific factors contributing to this observed sex difference in insomnia risk.

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