Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies of antihypertensive agents

This survey is a compendium of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity information of antihypertensive drugs. Data from 164 marketed drugs were collected. Of the 164 drugs, 65 (39.6%) had no retrievable genotoxicity or carcinogenicity data; this group was comprised largely of drugs marketed in a limited number of countries. The remaining 99 (60.4%) had at least one genotoxicity or carcinogenicity test result. Of these 99, 48 (48.5%) had at least one positive finding: 32 tested positive in at least one genotoxicity assay, 26 in at least one carcinogenicity assay, and 10 gave a positive result in both at least one genotoxicity assay and at least one carcinogenicity assay. In terms of correlation between results of the various genotoxicity assays and absence of carcinogenic activity in both mice and rats 2 of 44 non-carcinogenic drugs tested positive in the in vitro bacterial mutagenesis assay, 2 of 9 tested positive in the mouse lymphoma assay, none of 14 tested positive for gene mutation at the hprt locus, 5 of 25 tested positive in in vitro cytogenetic assays, none of 31 in in vivo cytogenetic assays, and none of 14 in inducing DNA damage and/or repair in in vitro and/or in vivo assays. Concerning the predictivity of genetic toxicology findings for long-term carcinogenesis assays, 75 drugs had both genotoxicity and carcinogenicity data; of these 37 (49.3%) were neither genotoxic nor carcinogenic, 14 (18.7%) were non-carcinogens which tested positive in at least one genotoxicity assay, 14 (18.7%) were carcinogenic in at least one sex of mice or rats but tested negative in genotoxicity assays, and 10 (13.3%) were both genotoxic and carcinogenic. Only 42 of the 164 marketed antihypertensives (25.6%) had all data required by the guidelines for testing of pharmaceuticals.