Simulation of surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles by the boundary-element method

A set of new surface integral equations (Fredholm equations of the second kind) has been systematically derived from the Stratton-Chu formulation of Maxwell's equations for a two-dimensional TM mode to investigate the interactions of an incident electromagnetic wave with nanostructures, especially metals. With these equations, the surface components (the tangential magnetic field, the normal displacement, and the tangential electric field) on the boundary are solved simultaneously by the boundary-element method numerically. For nanometer-sized structures (e.g., dimension of 10 nm), our numerical results show that surface plasmon resonance causes a strong near-field enhancement of the electric field within a shallow region close to the interface of metal and dielectric. In addition, the corresponding pattern of the far-field scattering cross section is like a dipole. For the submicrometer-sized cases (dimension of several hundreds of nanometers), the numerical results indicate the existence of a standing wave on the backside surface of metals. This phenomenon could be caused by two surface plasmon waves that creep along the contour of metals clockwise and counterclockwise, respectively, and interfere with each other.