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Quantitative MR imaging R2 relaxometry in elderly participants reporting memory loss.

M J House1, T G St Pierre, J K Foster

  • 1School of Physics, University of Western Australia.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|February 18, 2006
PubMed
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In individuals with memory complaints, MRI analysis revealed increased brain iron in the temporal cortex and myelin loss in white matter, suggesting early Alzheimer's disease changes.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biochemistry
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with altered brain iron homeostasis and demyelination.
  • Elevated iron in gray matter and increased water content in white matter are observed in AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in the transverse proton relaxation rate (R2) in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment compared to healthy controls.
  • To assess R2 as a potential biomarker for early AD-related changes in brain iron and myelin.

Main Methods:

  • Single-spin-echo MR imaging was performed on 12 participants with memory complaints and 11 healthy controls.
  • Neuropsychological testing was conducted, and R2 data were analyzed from 14 brain regions.
  • Participants with memory complaints were categorized into subgroups based on objective cognitive impairment levels.

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Main Results:

  • Mean R2 values correlated strongly with reference brain iron concentrations in controls.
  • Significantly higher R2 values were observed in the right temporal cortex for both memory complaint subgroups compared to controls.
  • Significantly lower R2 values were found in the left internal capsule and specific white matter regions (left temporal and frontal) in the cognitively impaired subgroup (MC2).

Conclusions:

  • R2 differences indicate increased iron in the temporal cortex and myelin loss in white matter regions in individuals with memory complaints.
  • These findings are consistent with incipient Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and support biochemical data.
  • R2 may serve as a sensitive imaging marker for early neuropathological changes in Alzheimer's disease.