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Evolution from BCS to BEC superfluidity in p-wave Fermi gases.

M Iskin1, C A R Sá de Melo

  • 1School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|February 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary

A quantum phase transition occurs in three-dimensional p-wave Fermi gases, differing from the s-wave crossover. The Ginzburg-Landau coherence length becomes isotropic only in the Bose-Einstein condensation limit.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Gases
  • Superfluidity

Background:

  • Superfluidity in Fermi gases can be described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory or Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC).
  • The transition from BCS to BEC is typically a crossover for s-wave interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of superfluid properties in a 3D p-wave Fermi gas.
  • To determine the nature of the BCS-BEC transition for p-wave interactions.
  • To analyze the temperature dependence of the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of a 3D p-wave Fermi gas across BCS and BEC limits.
  • Derivation of a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory near the critical temperature.

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Main Results:

  • A quantum phase transition is identified for p-wave Fermi systems at zero temperature.
  • This contrasts with the crossover behavior observed in s-wave systems.
  • The Ginzburg-Landau coherence length is generally anisotropic due to p-wave pairing, becoming isotropic only in the BEC limit.

Conclusions:

  • P-wave interactions lead to a distinct quantum phase transition in Fermi gases.
  • The anisotropic nature of the order parameter significantly influences the coherence length near criticality.