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Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
Hydroxy- and mercaptopyridine pincer platinum and palladium complexes generated by silver-free halide abstraction
Alexey V Chuchuryukin1, Preston A Chase, Allison M Mills
1Debye Institute, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
A silver-free route has been employed for the synthesis of a number of Pd and Pt complexes supported by an NCN "pincer" ligand (NCN = [2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3]-) via halide abstraction. This was achieved by the use of o-, m-, and p-hydroxypyridines or o- and p-mercaptopyridines in basic ethanol solutions. The acidic OH or SH protons are removed to generate the formally anionic ligands. X-ray crystal structure determination of these complexes shows that the bonding of the substituted pyridine ligands occurs exclusively through the pyridine N for hydroxypyridines and exclusively through the thiol S in mercaptopyridines. In the hydroxypyridine case, the ortho and para isomers tautomerize to generate pyridone structures with a covalent M-N bond, whereas the m-hydroxypyridine complex, which is unable to tautomerize, is found to still be bound through the pyridine N but in a zwitterionic structure. The mercaptopyridine complexes are the first reported examples of pincer-ligated Pd and Pt thiolate species. The pyridine ligands can be quantitatively exchanged for chloride by reaction with excess NH4Cl, a potentially useful chemical switch for ligation/decomplexation of this ligand type.
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