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Viscoelastic testing methodologies for tissue engineered blood vessels.

Joseph D Berglund1, Robert M Nerem, Athanassios Sambanis

  • 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
|March 1, 2006
PubMed
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Tissue engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) require mechanical assessment beyond simple strength tests. Viscoelastic testing reveals that uncrosslinked TEBVs mimic native artery behavior, crucial for in vivo function.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Tissue engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) need to withstand long-term hemodynamic forces for in vivo functionality.
  • Current mechanical assessments often rely on limited single time point burst or tensile testing.
  • Evaluating TEBV viscoelastic properties is essential for predicting in vivo performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the viscoelastic properties of TEBVs using creep and stepwise stress relaxation tests.
  • To compare the mechanical behavior of different TEBV architectures, including collagen gels and hybrid constructs.
  • To assess the influence of collagen crosslinking on TEBV mechanical performance over time.

Main Methods:

  • TEBV models with varying architectures (collagen gels, hybrid constructs with untreated/glutaraldehyde-crosslinked collagen) were cultured for 8 and 23 days.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Creep and stepwise stress relaxation viscoelastic testing methodologies were employed.
  • Data were modeled using three- and four-parameter linear viscoelastic models and compared to porcine carotid arteries.

    • Main Results:

    • Glutaraldehyde-treated hybrid TEBVs showed the highest overall strength and toughness.
    • Uncrosslinked hybrid TEBVs demonstrated time-dependent viscoelastic behaviors most similar to native arteries.
    • Diverse mechanical behaviors were observed across different TEBV architectures and culture durations.

    Conclusions:

    • Viscoelastic characterization is critical for a comprehensive mechanical evaluation of TEBVs.
    • Uncrosslinked hybrid TEBVs show promise for mimicking native arterial mechanics.
    • Further research into TEBV mechanical properties is needed for successful clinical translation.