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Related Concept Videos

Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults
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Published on: February 12, 2020

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Prism adaptation in schizophrenia.

Nirav O Bigelow1, Beth M Turner, Nancy C Andreasen

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA.

Brain and Cognition
|March 3, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia patients show impaired procedural learning (PL) on the prism adaptation test, indicating deficits in adapting to new motor tasks. These findings suggest disruptions in neural networks crucial for learning in schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Procedural learning (PL) involves performance improvement without conscious awareness, relying on frontostriatal, basal ganglia, and cerebellar networks.
  • Schizophrenia is associated with disruptions in these neural networks, potentially impacting PL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prism adaptation performance in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls.
  • To examine quantitative indices of PL during prism adaptation with and without visual feedback.

Main Methods:

  • Participants included 91 schizophrenia patients and 58 healthy controls.
  • Prism adaptation test was administered under conditions with and without visual feedback.
  • Quantitative performance metrics were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients exhibited significant impairment in adapting to prism distortion and showed lower PL quality.
  • No significant differences were found in prism aftereffects between groups.
  • Schizophrenia patients had greater difficulty with reorientation after prism removal.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia patients demonstrate deficits in procedural learning, specifically in adapting to and reorienting from prism-induced visual distortion.
  • These deficits may stem from abnormalities in motor programming due to disrupted neural networks underlying PL in schizophrenia.