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Anthrax epizootic in white-tailed deer.

F E Kellogg1, A K Prestwood, R E Noble

  • 1Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study Department of Pathology and Parasitology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30601, USA.

Journal of Wildlife Diseases
|October 1, 1970
PubMed
Summary

Bacillus anthracis caused a significant outbreak in white-tailed deer on Beulah Island, Arkansas. The disease led to high mortality, with an estimated 200-300 deer lost due to anthrax.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Wildlife Disease Ecology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, can affect various animal species.
  • High deer population densities can exacerbate disease transmission and impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document an outbreak of anthrax in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).
  • To assess the impact of Bacillus anthracis on a white-tailed deer population.

Main Methods:

  • Field investigation of mortality events.
  • Necropsy and gross lesion assessment of deceased deer.
  • Correlation of observed lesions with known anthrax pathology.

Main Results:

  • Sixty-seven carcasses of white-tailed deer were located on Beulah Island.

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  • Estimated total deer loss ranged from 200 to 300 individuals.
  • Observed lesions in deer were consistent with those typically seen in domestic livestock infected with anthrax.

    • Conclusions:

    • Bacillus anthracis was identified as the cause of high mortality in the Beulah Island white-tailed deer herd.
    • Overpopulation likely contributed to the severity of the anthrax outbreak.
    • The findings highlight the susceptibility of white-tailed deer to anthrax and the potential for significant population-level impacts.