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Chest radiographic evolution in fat embolism syndrome
Nisa Muangman1, Eric J Stern, Eileen M Bulger
1Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriaj Hospital, 2 Prannok Rd, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. mailtonisa@gmail.com
Summary
Chest X-rays in fat embolism syndrome (FES) are typically non-specific and often show pulmonary edema. Abnormalities usually appear within 72 hours of injury and resolve within two weeks for most patients.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Pulmonology
- Trauma Medicine
Background:
- Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a serious complication following trauma.
- Chest radiographic findings in FES are not well-characterized temporally.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the temporal evolution of chest radiographic findings in patients diagnosed with fat embolism syndrome.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of medical records and serial chest radiographs from 22 patients with clinically diagnosed FES.
- Radiographs were analyzed by a dedicated thoracic radiologist.
Main Results:
- 20 out of 22 patients developed abnormal chest radiographs, typically showing non-specific diffuse pulmonary edema.
- Radiographic abnormalities appeared within 72 hours of initial trauma in 95% of affected patients.
- Complete radiographic resolution occurred within 2 weeks in 65% of patients, while 20% died without resolution.
Conclusions:
- The chest radiographic appearance of FES is non-specific, but temporal patterns exist.
- Understanding these patterns can aid in avoiding unnecessary investigations in FES patients.
- While chest imaging has limited direct clinical management role, it helps in diagnosis and monitoring FES progression.