[The role of metalloproteinases in kidney pathophysiology]

Disturbances in extracellular matrix changes underlie many diseases. Metalloproteinases (MMP) are thought to play a very important role in the maintenance of proper balance between degradation and regeneration of tissue basic substance. MMP is a group of enzymes capable of digesting almost all extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Extracellular matrix of the tissues not only constitutes the support for its cells but also participates in cell metabolism regulation. Any disturbance in the balance between matrix degradation and regeneration is the clue to pathophysiology of many diseases. Metalloproteinases of ECM are a big family of zinc-dependent enzymes that include, among others, interstitial collagenases, matrix lysines, gelatinases, elastases and membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMP). Studies performed in animal models with MMP deficiency that have been carried out in the last few years have supplied a unique tool for the analysis of the role of gelatinase in physiological and pathophysiological development processes. However, the studies have proved complexity of the problem revealing not only protective but also destructive role of MMP depending on the experimental animal model which leaves a wide area for further investigations not only in animals but also patients with chronic kidney diseases. In the later part of our study we would like to focus on previous results of studies and views on the influence of MMP on kidney pathophysiology on the basis of available literature.